![]() developed a BTBS between two rats based on invasive technologies (neuronal ensemble recordings and intracortical microstimulation), where the “decoder” rat could follow the same sensorimotor task as the “encoder” rat with the system. Some pilot studies have moved a step forward toward this fantastic dream through developing a brain-to-brain system (BTBS). The movie “Avatar” shows the dream of direct brain-to-brain control between different individuals, which has inspired researchers to develop physical communication connections between different brains. 41751475292), the National Basic Research Program (973 program) of China (2011CB013305), and the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) of 419 China (2015AA020501).Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper.įunding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. Received: SeptemAccepted: FebruPublished: March 16, 2016Ĭopyright: © 2016 Li, Zhang. Moreover, the results also showed that the cyborg could be navigated by the human brain to complete walking along an S-shape track with the success rate of about 20%, suggesting the proposed BTBS established a feasible functional information transfer pathway from the human brain to the cockroach brain.Ĭitation: Li G, Zhang D (2016) Brain-Computer Interface Controlled Cyborg: Establishing a Functional Information Transfer Pathway from Human Brain to Cockroach Brain. The experimental results showed that the online classification accuracy of three-mode BCI increased from 72.86% to 78.56% by 5.70% using the optimization algorithm and the mean response accuracy of the cyborgs using this system reached 89.5%. Serial experiments were designed and conducted to test overall performance of the BTBS with six human subjects and three cockroaches. ![]() Through Bluetooth communication, specific electrical pulse trains could be triggered from the microstimulator by BCI commands and were sent through the antenna nerve to stimulate the brain of cockroach. The cyborg cockroach was developed by surgically integrating a portable microstimulator that could generate invasive electrical nerve stimulation. Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) based brain-computer interface (BCI) was used in this system for recognizing human motion intention and an optimization algorithm was proposed in SSVEP to improve online performance of the BCI. ![]() An all-chain-wireless brain-to-brain system (BTBS), which enabled motion control of a cyborg cockroach via human brain, was developed in this work. ![]()
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